Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Starbucks - Research Paper Example SQC is divided into descriptive statistics, Statistical Process Control (SPC), and acceptance sampling (Reid & Sanders 2011). In the case of Starbucks the most appropriate statistical method is SPC which is used to determine whether an operation or a process is running as it should or not. The quality characteristics of the service will be monitored by SPC so as to determine any discrepancies in the processes that will impact the quality of the service. Also, it will measure the present quality of the service. The process involves the setting up of an upper and lower control limits and the inspection of a random sample. The sample is then measured for the specific characteristics. A process is said to be â€Å"out of control† if its average value of the characteristic is greater than the upper limit or smaller than the lower limit. The identification of variations by SPC allows the determination of causes due to which the processes is not functioning as required. These variati ons are not built-in but are caused due to various circumstances. Some variations might include turnaround time, cycle time, takt time, the taste and aroma of coffee, declination in sales of a particular product and so on. ... Keeping the changing demands of the environment, the available technology, and the skills and abilities of the workers in consideration, jobs should be designed such that it enhances employee motivation (Robbins & Coulter 2012). Starbucks’ operation involves diverse job characteristics. Its employees play a significant role in the completion of tasks and are therefore the most important resource for the organization. The process of a Starbucks coffee starts from the farmers who grow the beans. Next, the bean selection is done carefully to keep consistency in taste and quality. Then these beans are transferred to roasters where these beans are roasted to enhance its flavor. Finally the coffee arrives at the counter where the barista serves coffee to its customers. The tasks at each stage involve a wide skill variety and task identity. Its retail jobs include a regional manager, after which comes district manager, then a store manager, assistant store manager, shift supervisors, and baristas. Employees are able to gain knowledge as a result of feedback provided about their performance which provides a way to evaluate their performance. One feature of a Starbucks barista is that they are trained to prepare the different beverages that are sold. This allows Starbucks to get an economical advantage as it allows it to sell the coffees at a lower price. However, the choice of drinks may be limited. The 24 hour service provided by Starbucks outlets also provide them with an advantage as customers might want to drink coffee at anytime. Its work design has enabled it to manage numerous stores at various locations thereby allowing market dominance in the sector. However, competitors are emerging which is why Starbucks needs

How did bay of pigs lead to cuban missle crisis Research Paper

How did bay of pigs lead to cuban missle crisis - Research Paper Example The situation that followed the Second World War was the period of Cold war that lasted up to early 1990s and when the Soviet republic disintegrated. During the period of the Cold War, many political and economic developments were realized ideologically. Thought there were no direct military combat in the Cold War, the period was characterized by many serious allegation of the two blocs; the US and USSR. Propaganda was one of the weapons used during this period, this made tension to build up within the two countries and at one point during the cold war, it almost sparked to a direct military confrontation but this never was. This was the Invasion of the Bays of Pig and the subsequent Cuban Missile crisis. Scholars and policy makers undoubtedly believe that the occurrence of the two scenarios in the 1961-62 constituted cold war peak since US and USSR almost faced one another in what could easily turn to be Third World War (Jones, 2008). Bay of Pigs is situated in the South Cost of Cuba; the development that took place in the coastal part of Cuba necessitated the missile crisis. A military revolution took place in Cuba in 1959 in which Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista and developed very close ties with the then Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev (Henriksen, 2006). During this time US was not in good books with USSR and the Cuban association with USSR alarmed US. The cause of the tension was all about the attempt of USSR to use Cuba as their proxy to propagate the socialism policy in the whole of Latin America. America was worried following this move and wanted to oust Fidel Castro in a military disguise. During the tenure of Eisenhower, a plan was hatched that accepted to train the Cuban exiles in the US to attack and overthrow Fidel’s administration through the support of the Cuban people that America thought were also anti the Fidel’ administration. The plan failed and Nikita having realized that his sympathizer was attacked,

Meanings Of Intelligence And Adaptive Behavior Education Essay

Meanings Of Intelligence And Adaptive Behavior Education Essay Meanings of Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior Intelligence refers common mental ability applied by individuals in reasoning, calculating, perceiving analogies and relationships or in learning new information. Intelligence also entails general mental capacity to store and effectively retrieve information, adjust to new information as well as fluency in language use. Therefore, intelligence is the perceived capacity not only in learning and understanding new situations, but also in adapting to those situations and/or environment. Mental retardation (i.e. MR) is a psychological condition characterized by significant limitations in an individuals present intellectual functioning. MR is usually characterized by an intellectual functioning which falls below average. The condition is accompanied with limitations in adaptive skills such as communication, social skills and academic skills, among others (Weiten, 2008). A teacher can use various teaching styles to adapt to the need of the mentally retarded learners. First, the special teacher ought to identify the life skills that the students ought to learn. Life skills are basic proficiency and may include skills such as grooming, dressing and working ability. After skills are identified, the instructor ought to avail a learning atmosphere that will facilitate the learning process. This approach enables the learner to effectively generalize the taught skills into their home environment more quickly. Additionally, the teacher should break the skills to be taught into simple and sequential steps which are measurable. This will enable the learner to gain knowledge of complex activity step by step. For instance, in teaching the basic skill of cleaning the kitchen, the skills should be broken down into possibly; first taking the utensils to the kitchen, turning the sink and finally washing the dishes. Similarly, the teachers should share the skill bein g taught with the learners together with their caregivers so that they can be monitoring the learners progress in practicing the taught skills at home. Such techniques assist in enhancing quick mastery of the skills being taught (Weiten, 2008). Similarly, an instructor teaching mentally retarded students should observe consistency on teaching a particular skill so that the learners can own the skill. This will help reduce stress and anxiety when learning challenging skills. Consistency helps to build the students confidence as mastery of the concept is higher when repetitive teaching is employed by the instructor. Similarly, for the students with mild retardation, the teacher should use over learning to teach cognitive related information. Students with mild retardation are slower in mastering a particular concept than the normal learners. Over teaching will help the special learners to catch-up with the normal learners under common mainstream classes. For students with severe mental retardation, instruction should emphasize on various motion exercises to enhance the adoption of basic skills (Baker Aunsworth, 2004). Assessment of learners with mental disabilities is associated with a variety of problems. First, the assessment instruments have been criticized for ignoring cultural differences in evaluation procedures. Insensitivity to cultural differences may possibly lead to negative labeling and misdiagnosis. Mislabeling has negative effects to the learners being assessed because it usually leads to wrong diagnosis. Additionally, evaluation instruments if not carefully used may affect students self- esteem. In carrying out assessment, special personnel should put into consideration ethical issues that if misused may have detrimental effect on the learner. Individuals with mental retardation exhibit various characteristics depending on the level or the perceived degree of retardation. According to Baker Aunsworth (2004), learners with severe mental retardation usually requires service form the teacher and caregivers throughout their lives. Most individuals with severe mental retardation also have multiple disabilities such as difficulties in communication and mobility challenges. In most instances, mobility is aided by use of wheel chairs while communication difficulties are taken care of by teaching the learners alternative means of articulating their ideas with peers. Learners with severe retardation find complex subjects that require abstract reasoning difficult. Therefore, these learners taught to be basic life skills which are very essential in their normal living. This implies that the learners undertake education for the purpose of gaining life skills because they are incapable of comprehending abstract information. Additionall y, these categories of learners most often than not exhibit common syndromes like down syndrome, which is a big challenge to their intellectual capacity as well (Balla Ziegler, 1983). Due to the perceptible nature in their intellectual ability this category of learners requires special education. Moreover, students with mild mental retardation usually need limited support. This category of learners usually indicates moderate or even mild delays in communications and academics performance levels compared to normal learners. Additionally, the development of children with mild mental retardation is delayed compared to their non-disabled peers. Delays in development usually have an effect in reducing the kids cognitive abilities. Learners under this category usually experience difficulties in grasping complex subjects which require prolonged concentration or abstract reasoning. As such, special teacher or instructor ought to use over teaching to enhance mastery of concept taught. Over teaching requires the instructor to deliberately exercise individualized teaching by giving the needy student more attention than the normal learners. More often, these learners fall between third and fourth grade by the time they finish high school (Balla Ziegler1983). In conclusion, teachers should employ adaptive behavior when teaching students with special needs to enhance effective learning. Employing variety of teaching strategies would work-out to enhance students concentration-span. Similarly, parents and other concerned organizations should partner with special teachers fraternity in helping the learners with severe mental retardation master, practice and perhaps retain basic skills way from school.

Essay on Dysfunctional Families in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon ess

Dysfunctional Families in Song of Solomon    The African American families in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon present abnormality and dysfunction. Normalcy, seen in common nuclear families, is absent. The protagonist, Milkman, is shaped by his dysfunctional relationships with parental figures.    The abnormality of the mother and child relationship is apparent in Song of Solomon. The mother figure seems to have misguided hopes. Toni Morrison, presents an image of an unnatural, extended time of maternal bonding. The character, Ruth, breastfeeds her son, Milkman, until he is four or five years of age. Ruth breastfeeds Milkman for this unnaturally lengthy amount of time because it makes her feel like her son is a part of her. Breastfeeding him gives her immense pleasure and satisfaction. However, she hides her indulgence from the rest of the family until Freddie the janitor catches her. She knows it is wrong, but it makes her daily life bearable.    The children display a mild amount of disrespect leading to severe denial of motherly compassion. We see this in a passage from Song of Solomon.    "He had never loved his mother, but had always known that she loved him. And that had always seemed right to him, the way it should be. Her confirmed, eternal love of him, love that he didn't even have to earn or deserve, seemed to him natural(79)."    Milkman has a peculiar view of his mother. He did not think of his mother "as a person, a separate individual, with a life apart from allowing or interfering with his own(75)." Milkman does not think of his mother as an individual who needs his love or as a woman. To him it her duty in life to love him. He sees her as a frail creature that needs protection f... ...is son has struck him. Yet, he feels pride in his son for standing up to him.    Song of Solomon, joined by the dysfunction in the families, present an insightful image of the individual and the family of African Americans. Milkman, gained strength and courage through the trials of abnormal, sometimes abusive upbringings. Each scar, whether it was mental or physical, was a lesson learned.    Works Cited: Byerman, Keith. "Songs of the Ancestors: Family in Song of Solomon." Approaches to Teaching the Novels of Toni Morrison. Ed. Nellie McKay. New York: MLA, 1997. Middleton, David. Toni Morrison's Fiction: Contemporary Criticism. New York: Garland, 1997. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: The Penguin Group, 1977. Storhoff, Gary. "'Anaconda Love': Parental Enmeshment in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon." Style 31.2 (1997): 290-309.

Self Ananlysis Test

Self Analysis Report Behaviour in Organizations Submitted by: Ajitha Katakam (PGP25249) I. WHAT ABOUT ME? A. Personality Insights 1. What’s My Basic Personality? Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional Stability Openness to Experience 2. What my Jungian 16-type personality? (ISTJ etc. ) 3. Am I type — A? 4. How well do I handle Ambiguity? 5. How creative am I ? 7 11 8 10 10 INTP 105 (A-) 28 -5 Attach Value Filled Questionnaire 34 55 -3 B. Values and Attitude Insights 1. What do I value? 2. How involved am I in my job? 3. How satisfied am I with my job? 4. What are my attitudes towards workplace diversity? C.Motivation Insights 1. What motivates me? Growth needs Relatedness needs Existence needs 2. What are my dominant needs? Achievement Affiliation Autonomy Power 3. What rewards do I value most? 4. What is my view of the nature of people? 5. What are my course performance goals? 6. How confident am I in my abilities to succeed? 7. What’s my attitud e toward achievement? Fall Reward 8. How sensitive am I to equity differences? 9. What’s my job’s motivating potential? MPS 10. Do I want an enriched job? 3. 9 18 11 15 16 Attached 23 10 45 17 45 16. 3 14 16 14 D. Decision Making Insights 1. What’s my decision-making style? IntuitiveRational 2. Am I procrastinator? 3. How do my ethics rate? 18 Attach your results 34 35 Attach your results 89 E. Other 1. What’s my emotional intelligence score? 2. What time of day am I most productive 3. How good am I at personal planning? 4. Am I likely to become an entrepreneur? II. WORKING WITH OTHERS A. Communication Skills 1. What’s my face-to-face communication style? Dominant Dramatic Contentious Animated Impression Relaxed Attentive Open Friendly 2. How good are my listening skills? -1. 1 -0. 6 0 1 0. 2 -0. 4 -0. 4 -1. 2 -0. 5 42 B. Leadership and Team skills 1. What’s my leadership style? People Oriented Task Oriented 2.How charismatic am I? Managemen t of attention Management of meaning Management of trust Management of self Management of risk Management of feelings 3. Do I trust others? 4. Do others see me as trustworthy? 5. How good am I at disciplining others? 6. How good am I at building and leading a team? 12 16 15 13 14 12 4 53 17 81 31 Reward Coercive Legitimate 2. 2 1. 7 4 10 9 C. Power and Conflict Skills 1. How power-oriented am I? 2. What’s my preferred type of power? Expert Referent 3. How good am I at playing politics? 4. How well do I manage impressions? Self-promotion Ingratiation Exemplification Intimidation Supplication 5.What’s my preferred conflict-handling style? Competing Collaborating Avoiding Accommodating Compromising 6. What’s my negotiating style? 4. 5 4 74 1. 75 1. 25 1. 25 1 1 18 16 10 15 14 21 III. LIFE IN ORGANIZATIONS A. Organization Structure 1. What type of organization structure do I prefer? 2. How willing am I to delegate? 3. How good am I at giving performance feedback? St rengths Weaknesses 52 63 2 2 25 4. 86 24 31 67 67 139 3. 04 B. Careers 1. What’s the right organizational culture for me? 2. How committed am I to my organization? 3. Am I experiencing work/family conflict? 4. How motivated am I to manage? . Am I well-suited for a career as a global manager? C. Change and stress 1. How well do I respond to turbulent change? 2. How stressful is my life? 3. Am I burned out? FIRO-B Inclusion Expressed Wanted Total 2 1 3 Control 5 2 7 Affection 2 4 6 Total 9 7 16 SPIRO SUMMARY SHEET PARENT Nurturing Supportive OK Styles 8 Rescuing Not-OK Styles 9 Under-Developed OK Ego States Operating Effectiveness Quotient Dominant Style Backup Style 7 10 6 3 13 6 Prescriptive 13 Task Obsessive 10 Bohemian 5 Aggressive 8 Sulking Regulating Normative Problem Solving ADULT Creative Innovative CHILD Reactive AdaptiveConfronting Resilient ? 45 Rescuing Supportive ? 43 Prescriptive Normative 58 Problem Solving Task Obsessive 70 Innovative Bohemian ? 100 Confronting Aggressive ? 33 Sulking Resilient IV. SOME PERSONAL INFORMATION (a)Name: Ajitha Katakam Age : 23 Gender:Female (b)Education B. Tech (Metallurgy and Materials Science) (c) CGPA: 6. 91 (d) Annual Family Income: 5 lakhs (e) Work experience: 22 months Roll No. : PGP25249 What do I Value? What Rewards I value most? How do my ethics rate? How good am I at personal Planning? Personality: My Big Five scores indicate moderate scores on all the five factors.The Jungian type is INTP which suggests that I am socially cautious, enjoy problem solving and highly conceptual. My score of 105 on the type- A test shows that I am A- suggesting I have a few traits of type- A personality. I can tolerate ambiguity but I am not creative. My most important terminal values are Pride in accomplishment, lasting friendships and Happiness where as my most important Instrumental values are Truthfulness (honesty), Assertiveness and Education & intellectual pursuits. I have moderate job involvement, low job satisfa ction and am pessimistic to work place diversity.My motivation for growth, relatedness and existence are high and on the same level. My dominant need is for achievement and the least is for affiliation. I am flexible in my perception of others, have strong course performance goals and strong self-efficacy. I have a very low job motivating potential and moderate response to job enrichment. My score on procrastination is towards the lower side suggesting I do not postpone or delay often. Though my ethics in some areas are concurrent with the majority they differ in most areas. I have EQ close to strong Emotional Intelligence and am proactive.I am an intermediate person having no particular preference between morning and evening. I need improvement in personal planning. Working with others: My low scores on all communication styles suggest my lack of dominant style and moderate listening skills. My leadership style is people oriented, however task oriented leadership is also comparable . I am fairly charismatic. I have low trust in others but I am perceived as trustworthy. I have some deficiencies in disciplining others and I am in the second quartile relating to building and leading a team.I have a high Mach score and good political skills. My preferred types of power are expert, legitimate, referent and my preferred conflict handling style is competing. I do not use impression management techniques but have good negotiating style. Life in Organizations: I have no clear preference between mechanic and organic design. My delegation skills need substantial improvement and I have significant self perceived weakness. I have a slight preference for informal, humanistic, flexible and innovative cultures. I faced moderate work/family conflict.I am highly motivated to perform managerial functions but my potential for success as a global manager is slightly low. I have low susceptibility to stress induced illness. I am not comfortable with turbulent changes and need to re -evaluate my priorities to avoid burnout. FIRO and SPIRO: My FIRO scores indicate low expressed affection, inclusion and moderate control. In the wanted category, I scored moderately on affection and low in inclusion and control. SPIRO scores indicate I need to improve in parent and child states.

Physics ISA Thermistor generalised Paper 1 guide Essay

1. My hypothesis is that the resistance decreases as the temperature increases. I predict my results will have a negative correlation, and that as the temperature 2. http://www.gcsesciencemethods.co.uk/2014/05/thermistor-resistance-dependent-on.html http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-physics/effect-temperature-thermistor The first method contained a risk assessment as well as a choice of two methods, one with a digital multimeter as well as one with a power supply and an ammeter. The second method has an explanation as to how a thermistor works, but I chose the first method because it had a multimeter method, which is easier than using a power supply and an ammeter, as it reads resistance directly in Ohms. 3. The equipment I will use is an NTC Thermistor, Hot Water (200ml), Cold Water (200ml), Beaker (500ml), Thermometer (0-100c), Digital Multimeter, and Connecting leads. You will need to boil water (at least 200ml) and put it in a beaker of at least 250ml, and then the same with normal water. You will then need to use connecting leads to connect the digital multimeter to the thermistor. You will need to turn the multimeter on, and set it to read Ohms, which is the unit for Resistance (Pd/current). You will then pour the hot water in the 500ml beaker, and immerse the thermistor into the 500ml beaker. You will then wait until the hot water reaches 70c, and then measure the resistance in Ohms. You will then repeat the experiment, to increase accuracy and to spot anomalies that might affect your final results. You will take a mean by adding up both results and dividing them by two.

Parker and his colleagues Essays

Parker and his colleagues Essays Parker and his colleagues Essay Parker and his colleagues Essay Experiment two used a white noise cue while experiment one used a 1000 Hz pure tone. In both experiments a significant response time advantage was found for valid cues at the short SOA of 200ms. The results obtained mirror those found by Spence Driver (1994) for exogenous processing in that valid cues produced a response time advantage for short cue-target SOA’s. Experiments 3, 4 and 5 tested endogenous auditory attention as opposed to the first two experiments which tested exogenous processing.The informative cues used differed from the uninformative spatial cues of experiment 1 and 2. It was found that for this experiment (3) response time was faster for all SOA levels. The faster response time for all SOA levels in experiment 3 says that the use of informative cues pushes attention towards the target. It was predicted that significant response time advantage would occur at the middle and long SOA levels (500ms and 1100ms) for valid cues as opposed to the invalid cues.On acquisition of the cue information, the subject can shift spatial attention to the likely location of the subsequent target location. In experiment 3 a significant response time advantage was found at all SOA for valid cues. Despite the significant response time advantage found for valid cues at the short SOA (200ms), these results were expected. While the significant response time advantage found for the short SOA condition (200ms) is not necessary expected with a cognitive based cue, the cue used in experiment 3 (and in subsequent experiment 5) was both informative and spatial based.The initial capture of attention to the spatial location of the cue would aid response time advantage at the short SOA condition (200ms), while the knowledge that the cue is informative would keep attention focused on the spatial location of the cue for longer aiding response time advantage for the other SOA conditions (500ms 1100ms). In experiment 4 the spatial component of the informative cue was removed to investigate pure endogenous processing. The results obtained for experiment 4 found a significant response time advantage for valid cues only at the middle SOA condition (500ms).The lack of a response time advantage for valid cues at the shorter SOA of 200ms can be expected with a purely endogenous cue, however at the longer SOA of 1100ms a response time advantage was expected to be found. The addition of extra subjects may have produced a significant response time advantage for the SOA condition of 1100ms, however the same may be said for the short SOA of 200ms which also had a moderate average valid cue response time advantage (16ms).Spence and Driver (1996) found that by using purely endogenous cues (side blocking and central arrow) with an auditory target response time were significant for higher SOA (600-900ms) and since the task still involved visual cues the results may have been affected by it. The results of the experiment supported the earlier findings in experiment 3 wherein, a significant response time advantage was found for valid cues for all SOA conditions in experiment 5. The lack of spatial cuing decreased the response time of subjects for they did not have basis for localization.Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan Oldfield (1998) visual search times were reduced when spatially informative auditory information was supplied. In comparison to experiment 3 overall response times were about 30ms faster in experiment 5. The introduction of speech alone did not have the effect of reducing response times in experiment 4 where a non-spatial speech cue was u sed. Unfortunately, this assumption cannot be made in this case due to the fact that not all subjects who completed experiment 3 also completed experiment 5.The successful use of virtual 3-dimensional audio in laboratory experiments have been supported by other researches Parker and his colleagues (2004) studied the effects of supplementing head-down displays with 3-dimensional audio during visual target acquisition found that it improved performance during visual acquisition tasks, in fact the addition of 3-D audio resulted in significant reduction in visual acquisition time and a significant reduction of perceived workload and improved situational awareness.Flanagan et al (1998) also used virtual 3-D audio in an experiment which compared an unaided search with visual and auditory search cues for targets outside the visual field. The pure tone was initially used as the pure tone will give side discrimination without distinct elevation discrimination. With cues and targets seeming t o emanate from the same spatial position, in the case of high targets, the effect of priming cannot be discounted in any response time advantage observed for valid high targets.While the faster response times observed in the current experiments were not significant, it is a concern as to why faster responses were recorded. Spence and Driver used cue duration of 100ms followed by target duration of 100ms, while in the current experiment cue duration was 200ms with the target also of duration 200ms Generally each experiment was analyzed individually with not all subjects completing the three experiments relating to this observed effect (experiments 3, 4 5). Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan Oldfield (1998) found that with the use of spatially informative auditory information, visual search times were reduced.They used a spatial localization task in which the search for a visual target was aided by either a visual arrow or an auditory cue. They found that both the visual and auditor y cues aided in significantly reducing the search time when compared to an unaided search. With evidence suggesting that attentional capacity is modality-specific (Duncan, Martens Ward, 1997) and that auditory cues can help with a visual spatial localisation task (Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan Oldfield, 1998), the nature of the links between auditory and visual streams in spatial attention is of great importance.In conclusion, our experiments have clearly demonstrated that 3-dimensional audio can be used successfully in testing auditory attention. The results of the experiments supports what has been reported by the research of Spence and Driver (1994), thus indicating that informative and spatial auditory cues increases response time. These findings have practical implications in the design of human interface systems where visual targets can be enhanced by virtual auditory cues in the form of pure tone or words.Although the findings have validated the existence of cuing para digms for auditory attention, much has to be learned in the study of audition and its practical implications.ReferencesBedard, M. A. , El Massioui, F. E. , Pillon, B. , Nandrino, J. L. (1993). Time for reorienting of attention: A premotor hypothesis of the underlying mechanism. Neuropsychologia, 31, 241–249. Begault, D. Pittman, M. (1996) Three-Dimensional Audio Versus Head-Down Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System Displays, International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 6(1), 79-93.

Free Essays on Business Location

There are many things to consider when locating a new business which all play an important part in the success of the business. For some, only a few things are important. Some may need to consider and balance a mixture of location factors. One important factor to consider is the infrastructure of business site: The business needs very good transport systems for the site (road, rail, river, canal, ports) The business needs good communication systems, telephone systems, fax e-mail. Production is important to a business so a firm needs to know whether there are business in the area for waste disposal, machinery repair and product transport. Another thing to consider is the supply of labor available in the area. The business person will need to consider whether the right kind of skilled, or semi skilled labor is available or grants for retraining if not; What the local wage rates are like; whether the housing, school, and leisure facilities will attract and keep good labor in the area. Yet another thing to consider is cost of the site. The firm will need to research based on how long the site will be used? Whether it should it be rented or purchased? Will the site need to be drained and leveled? What is the level of taxes and other fees payable to the local government? Is there room for expansion? Are there any risks with the site will this raise the insurance premiums? Also, there are geographical factors to consider. The business needs to be located near utilities especially water, gas and or electricity. Waste disposal is also important as some businesses produce a great amount of waste during production and there are various laws, which strictly control how waste should be disposed of. Prevailing wind is very important as the wind direction can take pollutants away from areas that are heavily populated. One possible location for a business is from your home. When considering a home-based business, not only the ... Free Essays on Business Location Free Essays on Business Location There are many things to consider when locating a new business which all play an important part in the success of the business. For some, only a few things are important. Some may need to consider and balance a mixture of location factors. One important factor to consider is the infrastructure of business site: The business needs very good transport systems for the site (road, rail, river, canal, ports) The business needs good communication systems, telephone systems, fax e-mail. Production is important to a business so a firm needs to know whether there are business in the area for waste disposal, machinery repair and product transport. Another thing to consider is the supply of labor available in the area. The business person will need to consider whether the right kind of skilled, or semi skilled labor is available or grants for retraining if not; What the local wage rates are like; whether the housing, school, and leisure facilities will attract and keep good labor in the area. Yet another thing to consider is cost of the site. The firm will need to research based on how long the site will be used? Whether it should it be rented or purchased? Will the site need to be drained and leveled? What is the level of taxes and other fees payable to the local government? Is there room for expansion? Are there any risks with the site will this raise the insurance premiums? Also, there are geographical factors to consider. The business needs to be located near utilities especially water, gas and or electricity. Waste disposal is also important as some businesses produce a great amount of waste during production and there are various laws, which strictly control how waste should be disposed of. Prevailing wind is very important as the wind direction can take pollutants away from areas that are heavily populated. One possible location for a business is from your home. When considering a home-based business, not only the ...

An Intro To Psychology Architecture Essay

) . In modern yearss Hypnosis has been used for a figure of grounds. Some people try to halt smoke, loose weight, drug dependence and alcohol addiction Bi Polar upset, ADHD, and schizophrenic disorder, and stress management.A As you can see Hypnosis can and is being used in all sorts of signifiers. For several decennaries, or even centuries, hypnosis was more seen as a circus or charming act. Because of this it has taken for a while to convert the populace that it besides has its practical utilizations. As to the history of hypnosis, the usage of it can be dated back all the manner to the early ages of civilisation. In ancient times, worlds used it for mending intents, particularly in spiritual ceremonials. For illustration, an Indian priest-doctors entered into a procedure of strong visual image and suggestion during which he willed to mend the ill individual. The first modern type of hypnosis started with carnal hypnosis. In 1600-s husbandmans calmed poulets hypnotically by utilizing different methods. In 1800-s people hypnotized birds, coneies, toads and other animate beings. B. Danilewsky experimented with carnal hypnosis and studied its physiological workings in animate beings ( Hypnosis Black Secrets, n.d. ) . The first individual to look into this portion of psychological science was Franz Anton Mesmer ( 1734-1815 ) , an Austrian doctor, who is widely acknowledged as the ‘Father of Hypnosis ‘ . Franz believed that there was a quasi-magnetic fluid in the really air that we breathe and that the organic structure ‘s ‘ nervousnesss someway absorbed this fluid. He cured most of his patients by using magnets to different parts of the organic structure to alter the magnetic flows of the organic structure ( Mark, R. 2002 ) . He was the sire of all major scientists who studied Hypnosis after him, for illustration Marquis de Puysegur and Dr. John Elliotson. Now that we know a small spot about how Hypnosis started, allow ‘s happen out what hypnosis is? Harmonizing to the Encyclopedia Britannica: â€Å" Hypnosis is a particular psychological province with certain physiological properties, resembling slumber merely superficially and marked by a operation of the person at a degree of consciousness other than the ordinary witting province. This province is characterized by a grade of increased receptivity and reactivity in which interior experiential perceptual experiences are given as much significance as is by and large given merely to external world ( Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. ) . This brings us to the following inquiry, what is hypnosis used for? A better inquiry would really be what ca n’t Hypnosis be used for? A Hypnosis, today, is being used for multiple jobs. Some of the more common 1s would be people who try to halt smoke, others who would wish to lose weight and have tried everything else and it did n’t work. Some us hypnosis to cover with emphasis related jobs. These would be the more normally know countries hypnosis is used for. Other less known countries hypnosis can be used for would be in assisting epilepsy patients and patients with palsy, Multiple induration, AIDS and malignant neoplastic disease. Hypnosis can in some of these instances help to better the quality of life and in some instances assist in easing a remedy. The most of import portion of this side of Hypnosis is to retrieve that merely people with a grade in medical specialty should pattern hypnosis for these sorts of jobs. An exclusion might be that doctors will give you a referral to a hypnotizer, who is really good reversed it what you need him to make. Hypnosis has besides been known Os have been applied for child birth conditioning and of class the benefits are enhanced if they are used in combination with La Maze take a breathing techniques. There are besides experts who utilize hypnosis for drug dependence and alcohol addiction, these experts are familiar with the 12 stairss of AA and Al-anon and hold pattern in the 12 measure plans and cognize how to utilize hypnosis to assist their clients. Other experts employ hypnosis to assist adult females with the symptoms of PMS ( premenstrual emphasis ) and other hormone related wellness upsets. Hypnosis besides has been found to assist people with ADHD and schizophrenic disorder and bi-polar ( Watkins, 2008 ) . Another particular signifier of hypnosis-called wakened hypnosis — is most effectual for covering with anxiousness panic onslaught. Hypnosis – Hypnosis is sometimes used in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiousness. While you ‘re in a province of deep relaxation, the hypnotherapist uses different curative techniques to assist you confront your frights and expression at them in new ways ( Anxiety Attacks and Disorders, n.d. ) . Last but non least, and likely one of the most known utilizations for hypnosis, is to utilize it for diging into repressed kid goon memories. Clinical hypnosis can be used to get the better of many of the clients mental and wellness jobs by theoretically turn uping the beginning of the job in their childhood. This pattern of hypnosis has come under fire recently, some statements made by people that underwent hypnosis to bring out pent-up kid goon memories were really used for cases against parents, siblings and other household members. After long probes most of these instances nil more than person ‘s purportedly long-repressed memories that all of a sudden surfaced under therapy. After reexamining 60 old ages of research and happening no controlled research lab support for the construct of repression, a good known research worker D.S. Holmes suggested, merely half jestingly, that any usage of the construct be preceded by a warning: â€Å" Warning. The construct of repression h as non been validated with experimental research and its usage may be risky to the accurate reading of clinical behaviour † ( Holmes, 1990 ) Ricker, n.d. ) . Defense judicial proceeding in such instances of hypnosis has raised improperness and incompetence on the portion of the healer or practician utilizing hypnosis and/or implicative techniques to retrieve â€Å" repressed † memories which false lead the client to believe that their current symptoms are due to being sexual abused as a kid ( Hansen, 1996 ) . There have been besides studies of tooth doctor utilizing hypnosis during dental surgery to wipe out the hurting. Another usage of hypnosis is called Self-hypnosis, this happens when you hypnotize yourself. This is frequently more practical as a emphasis direction tool than normal hypnosis, as you do non necessitate to hold a hypnotist nowadays. Self hypnosis works reasonably much the same manner as speculation, it helps you loosen up and deflect your head from unpleasant ideas. Together with speculation and imagination, self hypnosis can be a powerful tool to battle day-to-day emphasis and go a portion of a day-to-day emphasis direction modus operandi ( Self Hypnosis, n.d. ) . In decision, as you can see hypnosis can successfully be used for every conceivable job that can problem worlds. In this essay I touched on merely a few utilizations of Hypnosis, the more common 1s like childhood repressed memories, halt smoke, weight loss and stress direction and some of the lesser known 1s like hurting control and child birth. There are likely many more utilizations for hypnosis to be discovered we have n’t thought of yet. Mentions Anxiety Attacks and Disorders: Signs, symptoms, and intervention. ( n.d. ) .Helpguide.org: Understand, prevent and decide life ‘s challenges. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //helpguide.org/mental/anxiety_types_symptoms_treatment.htm Hansen, J. , A ; R.H.A.. ( 1996 ) . Hypnosis – controversial once more.The Ross Institute Internet Archives for the Study of Destructive Cults, Controversial Groups and Motions. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rickross.com /reference/ false_memories/fsm25.html History of Hypnosis: from antediluvian times to modern hypnosis. ( n.d. ) .Hypnosis and self hypnosis secrets -learn hypnosis online. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hypnosisblacksecrets.com/learn-hypnosis/history-of-hypnosis-from-ancient-times-to-nowadays Ibadov, O. ( n.d. ) . History of Hypnosis: From priest-doctors to instant hypnosis.Self Improvement from SelfGrowth.com. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.selfgrowth.com /articles/ History_of_Hypnosis_From_Shamans_to_Instant_Hypnosis.html Mark, R. ( 2002 ) Hypnosis ( psychological science ) — Britannica Online Encyclopedia. ( n.d. ) .Encyclopedia – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/279820/hypnosis Ricker, J. , A ; Ph.D.. ( n.d. ) . Section 6-16: What are false memories? .Scottsdale Community College. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_6/6-16.html Self-Hypnosis – Relaxation Techniques from Mind Tools. ( n.d. ) .Mind tools – direction preparation, leading preparation and calling raining – right here, right now.. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mindtools.com/stress/RelaxationTechniques/SelfHypnosis.htm The history of hypnosis.Essortment Articles: Free online articles on wellness, scientific discipline, instruction A ; more... Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.essortment.com/all/hypnosishistory_rcdg.htm Watkins, C. ( 2008 ) . Hypnotherapy.Northern County Psychiatric Associates Home Page. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncpamd.com/medical_hypnosis.htm What Is Hypnosis – Toronto Naturopathic Clinic. ( n.d. ) .Toronto Naturopathic Clinic – Toronto Naturopath Sushma Shah ND ( Yonge A ; Davisville ). Retrieved April 7, 2010, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.naturesintentionsnaturopathy.com/hypnosis.htm

Strategic Marketing Management of Wal-Mart Case Study

Strategic Marketing Management of Wal-Mart - Case Study Example As a result, it's British subsidiary ASDA, which already was proficient in the Britain, has made a successful business in U.K. Presently, the ASDA-Wal-Mart supercenters stand at the second level in the supermarket chain of U.K. It covers a huge market share of 17% in the U.K. After the takeover by Wal-Mart in 1999, the retail company has flourished by leaps and bounds. In 2004, ASDA operated a large number of stores in Scotland and employed a number of employees. The total number of store operated by ASDA in 2004 was 259 and the employee strength was 122000 (ASDA/WAL-MART: A Corporate Profile, 2004). The key to ASDA-Wal-Mart's colossal success is its strategic marketing management policies. The company has implemented some highly calculated and effective marketing strategies. It has always made an effort to render the best product to the customers in terms of quality and price. Simultaneously, it has imparted a feeling of associate partners to all its employees. Strategic marketing is a complex management technique for the identification of proper marketing opportunities. It aims to offer better values to the most profitable areas of the business without harming customer interests. The core marketing concepts are concerned with customer needs, customer-client relationship and supply of quality products at affordable prices. This includes a sophisticated market research that rests on customer feedback. A company is directed to build a competitive-edge for long-term activities with the application of various management techniques. The objective of strategic marketing management concerns with a wide array of activities. It involves an aggressive approach to capture the market share rapidly. While performing such kind of marketing management activity, a company needs to focus on the product diversity, the various geographical regions in which it is operating, the role of branding, the marketing channels it is using and the product quality it is offering. All such areas of marketing are required to improve for strategic marketing management. A giant retailer like Wal-Mart will need to re-focus all these issues to find the drawbacks and improve its service by correcting them (Strategic Marketing Management, 2009). The domain of strategic marketing management is vast and it includes internal as well as external analysis of the company. This report focuses only on the external analysis of the company. There are various models that have been put forward to express the external analysis of a company. Porter's five forces model is the most popular among them. The task of strategic analysis involves a high level of expertise and experience. The analysts must possess both the qualities to conduct a strategic analysis with ease. When an analyst uses Porter's five forces model, the planning process consists of a chain of steps. The

Topical References Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Topical References - Assignment Example The purpose of this research is to understand the various types of disorders that are covered within the context of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry while the research is based to answer this question which type of interventions may be utilized to enhance productivity of children and adolescents suffering from mental health issues and also how these disorders impact the productivity. References Angold, A. and Costello, E. J. (2000). The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 39 (1): 39–48. Abstract: To describe the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). The base interview covers the age range from 9 to 17 years. The interview glossary that provides detailed operational definitions of symptoms and severity ratings is described, and psychometric data and further developments of the interview are presented. Across 5,962 parent-child interviews, the core sections of the CAPA (psychiatric sym ptoms, functional impairment, demographics, family structure and functioning) took on average 59 minutes for children and 66 minutes for parents. Test-retest reliability for diagnoses ranged from ? = 0.55 for conduct disorder (CD) to ? = 1.0 for substance abuse/dependence. Validity as judged by 10 different criteria was good. Developments of the CAPA include a shorter â€Å"gateway† version using core symptoms as screen items, a Spanish version, and versions for twin studies, use with young adults (YAPA), and preschool-age children (PAPA). There is a place in both research and clinical settings for a rigorously operationalized interview (such as the CAPA) that focuses on ensuring that respondents understand what is being asked and on clearly defining levels of symptom severity and functional impairment. [Abstract from author] Classi, P. M., Le, T. K., Ward, S., and Johnston, J. (2011). Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medication use

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Taxation - Essay Example s taxation is replete with various complexities and disparities, while saving is discouraged in many ways, wherein simple interest-bearing accounts are meted out the harshest treatment, while the same time other types of savings are granted large-scale benefits for tax savings (Mirrlees, Adam, Besley, et al., 2012). This disparity and intricacy in tax treatment have led to the emergence of an industry that thrives on simply advising people on the nature of their savings allocation that is not based on the best form of underlying investments, but is more dependent on the form of tax treatment. In this context, the essay provides a brief review of the Mirrlees Review’s recommendation to provide a tax system with a neutral treatment of life-cycle savings for the vast majority of taxpayers. The Mirrlees Review aimed at addressing the challenge of designing a tax system that would enable the UK government to raise revenues necessary for achieving its distributional and spending objectives, while lowering its administrative and economic inefï ¬ ciencies and avoiding disparity in tax treatment across citizens and different types of economic activities. It main principle behind all its proposals was the framing of a progressive, neutral tax system, wherein the three words ‘progressive,’ ‘neutral,’ and ‘system’ form to be the important keywords that are suggestive of the main findings of the Review. Therefore, it can be suggested that first, policy makers must aim at designing a tax system that functions effectively as a ‘system.’ The way in which different taxes can be assembled together is important, as is a clarity regarding the role played by each tax within the system. Second, distribution plays a major role within the system of tax and beneï ¬ ts, similarly the trade-off between efficiency and redistribution is at the core of tax policy related debates. The redistribution ambit is ascertained by society’s choices and the system effect is based on

Environmental Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Analysis - Essay Example These have been analyzed in the following paragraphs: The Business Dictionary.com, (accessed on 16th June, 2008,) defines remote environment as "Ecological, political, social, and technological factors or forces that affect a form's decision making abilities and freedom, but are beyond its control or influence." With reference to the University of Phoenix, the remote environment would include the ecological, political, social and technological factors that would influence the University's decision-making abilities. The University of Phoenix is committed to the cause of the environment. It already has an agenda set to ensure that its students learn about and respect the environment. "Go Green" is an initiative taken by the University to familiarize the students with environment issues. In future, not only would the University have to sustain its efforts in this direction, but it would also have to scale them up. A change in the political leadership of the country would lead to changes in the way the University is governed. Compliance to new and changed rules and regulations for Universities might be necessary. The grants/subsidies given by the government for various courses (if any) might be subject to change with a change in the political situation in the country. A definite shift in people's income levels and social standing might have a direct influence on the number of students enrolling in a particular course. There might be more number of people enrolling for advanced courses over the next ten years as compared to the enrollment in basic courses. With advances in technology and global connectivity, students might prefer more online courses as compared to classroom courses. The University would be required to take into consideration the changes in technology being brought about everyday. The teachers and lecturers would have to be trained in the latest trends in research and referencing. While online classes might become popular in the next ten years, the University would have to scout for collaborators in the local regions/classes where practical classes could be conducted. Industry Environment According to the website of University of Phoenix, (accessed on 16thJune, 2008) "The mission of University of Phoenix is to provide access to higher education opportunities that enable students to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to achieve their professional goals, improve the productivity of their organizations, and provide leadership and service to their communities." As in any other industry, when there is a shift in the needs/tastes of the students, there will be a need to change the content of the courses at the University. The knowledge and skill sets required to achieve professional goals generally undergo a periodic change. What is relevant today will be obsolete in a few years. Thus, the University needs to research the market, identify the latest trends and major shifts in education and adapt their courses accordingly. Operating Environments Operating environment in a University's context could refer to the way libraries and reference materials are used. It could also mean how the way the courses are conducted: ie. online or classroom. With advances in technology and connectivity getting simpler everyday, there will certainly be a huge demand for online courses in the near future. The way teaching is carried out might

Analysis governments involved in events and festival Essay

Analysis governments involved in events and festival - Essay Example The sector of the country involved with events and festivals is the tourism ministry. Tourism is the art of visiting and touring the country by the citizens and also visitors from other countries. Therefore there exist both domestic and international types of tourism. Tourism is n area of interest in all governments and they focus greatly on this sector due several crucial reasons. Tourism involves attraction of citizens and foreigners to the beauty and culture of a country thus a government must use all the necessary resources to ensure that there are adequate tourism sites and events in the country (Chin, 2008). The purpose for government’s participation in most events and festivals is related to the tourism that these functions tag along with. Tourism is one of the moat promising sectors of a country’s economy if all the required resources are well maintained. The foreign exchange incomes are top in list in the sources of income for a country. For instance, in Britain, the tourism sector is ranked as the third highest industry involved with export income. The Britain government is among the top that receives the highest number of visitors from foreign countries in a bid to attend events and annual festivals (Alan, 2011). The other reason as to why a government involves itself with events and festivals is because they contribute to fast growth of an economy. Events are entertaining and all entertainment industries in all countries are always on the lead. People prefer using their money on fun stuff and issues that bring the unity of the society. For instance, hosting different popular artistes to perform during festivities is a common move made by most countries to attract as many people as possible. The government will definitely want to invest in festivals so long as there is rapid growth in a country. In addition, governments get involved

What effects did the Catholic Church have on the world during the Research Paper

What effects did the Catholic Church have on the world during the renaissance - Research Paper Example This is the period which is considered as one of the most important periods during the history of modern Europe. Though the overall benefits of this were not uniformly spread over the whole Europe, however, it started a period which brought important changes that shaped the modern history of Europe. During this era, Christian religion also went through significant changes, and many new sects emerged during this period. This time is also considered as the period of reformations and change: the world witnessed significant changes in the way Christianity evolved during this period. It was also during this era that mass publication of the Bible started to take place due to the invention of a paper machine. Thus, during this era the religion went through drastic changes, and the impact of these changes was enormous not only upon Europe, but on the other parts of the world, too. The reformation process was considered so strong that it almost split the Christianity. The overall influence of the Church during this era started to decline, and the society’s values and needs were changed significantly. This era actually initiated a debate to re-evaluate and re-examine some of the old values and revive them in the society to make them more useful. Therefore, this paper will discuss the effects Catholic Church had on the world during the Renaissance period. Catholic Church and Renaissance The Renaissance was a period of transformation, and it was also during this period that the overall influence of the Catholic

Analysis governments involved in events and festival Essay

Analysis governments involved in events and festival - Essay Example The sector of the country involved with events and festivals is the tourism ministry. Tourism is the art of visiting and touring the country by the citizens and also visitors from other countries. Therefore there exist both domestic and international types of tourism. Tourism is n area of interest in all governments and they focus greatly on this sector due several crucial reasons. Tourism involves attraction of citizens and foreigners to the beauty and culture of a country thus a government must use all the necessary resources to ensure that there are adequate tourism sites and events in the country (Chin, 2008). The purpose for government’s participation in most events and festivals is related to the tourism that these functions tag along with. Tourism is one of the moat promising sectors of a country’s economy if all the required resources are well maintained. The foreign exchange incomes are top in list in the sources of income for a country. For instance, in Britain, the tourism sector is ranked as the third highest industry involved with export income. The Britain government is among the top that receives the highest number of visitors from foreign countries in a bid to attend events and annual festivals (Alan, 2011). The other reason as to why a government involves itself with events and festivals is because they contribute to fast growth of an economy. Events are entertaining and all entertainment industries in all countries are always on the lead. People prefer using their money on fun stuff and issues that bring the unity of the society. For instance, hosting different popular artistes to perform during festivities is a common move made by most countries to attract as many people as possible. The government will definitely want to invest in festivals so long as there is rapid growth in a country. In addition, governments get involved

Academic freedom Essay Example for Free

Academic freedom Essay The playgrounds of any public school in the United States today abound with children from different races. African-Americans, Asians, Latin Americans and Caucasians all populate the diversity rich public school system of America today. Classrooms are filled with different opinions regarding the different races and beliefs (Faegin O’Brien 203). The lunchrooms are full of children all races rubbing elbows with each other without regard for whatever differences in appearances they may have or for whatever the color of their skin may be. This same diversity parallels the situation in today’s world. With all these differences in race, nationality and beliefs, one will be hard pressed to find people who do not feel strongly for or against these differences. While there are rules against the practice of beliefs or convictions, there is no limitation on the right to believe. In relation to this, Universities must not be allowed to banned hate speech as such is against the Freedom of Speech as enshrined in the United States Constitution. See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay In order to arrive at a better understanding of the issue, there must be a discussion of the Freedom of Speech, particularly in the academic environment. Freedom of Speech has historically been used as a tool of the people to prevent the suppression of their rights by voicing out their opinions. The United States Constitution, and other constitutions for that matter, holds one’s freedom to information in the highest regard (Holmes 198). One will be hard-pressed to find a constitution that does not guarantee this fundamental right. One must also be remember at this point that with every right comes a corresponding responsibility. There is no right so absolute that it oppresses the right of other individuals as well (Holmes 198). In line with this, it must be remembered that the freedom of speech, as a tool against oppression, must be exercised responsibly because of it may also lead to the suppression of the rights of others. In furthering the Civil Rights movements, the Freedom of Speech has proved to be crucial to its success. Without the Freedom of Speech, it is arguable that most of the social legislation that is in effect today would be present (Holmes 198). The power of the Freedom of Speech, in the context of protecting one’s civil and constitutional rights, is that it allows people to bring the attention of the public to their grievances in an attempt to provide a solution to the problem (Holmes 197). The United States Constitution, and other constitutions for that matter, holds one’s freedom of speech in the highest regard. One will be hard-pressed to find a constitution that does not guarantee these fundamental rights. One must also be remember at this point that with every right comes a corresponding responsibility. There is no right so absolute that it oppresses the right of other individuals as well. There are exceptions to this rule such as the secrecy of military information, national secrets, trade secrets, and certain information offensive to the public. These exceptions constitute the reasonable restraints on one’s freedom and under the last category fall the information that is being suppressed from minors in public libraries. As such, the means employed is not an undue restraint but rather a reasonable means to maintain one’s constitutional liberties. This means that while there exists the right to speech, there is a need for certain limitations to exist as well. In the context of the right of Universities to ban hate speech, it must be remembered that while the United States Constitution also grants Academic Freedom, it must not run contrary to the Freedom of Speech. Hate Speech is one of the expressions of speech that is constitutionally protected. As the United States Supreme Court has held in several cases, there is a public interest that must be protected. Individuals must be allowed and cannot be unduly restricted with regard their right to Free Speech. The important issue here is the fact that while such speech may be regarded as offensive it does not contravene the constitution unless such speech is made with the intent to create an uprising or lead to overt acts of hate. Therefore, Universities cannot ban hate speech arbitrarily since this is contrary to the Constitution and such right is protected under certain circumstances. A very integral part of the education process lies in learning to interact with other races and nationalities, especially in the United States which is considered as a melting pot for all cultures and races all over the world. The sad reality is that most Americans are brought up in relative isolation from other races and cultures and only in college does such exposure occur. This leads to undesirable consequences such as the creation of strong stereotypes and racial biases (Richey 204). A restriction on the right of people to free speech only serves to widen this bridge between races. While it is true that hate speech may be offensive, it also serves to educate and enlighten people. Expression is an integral part of learning and as such it must not be stifled at the cost of depriving students not only the chance to speak their minds but also to deal with the real world and cultural differences on a more mature level. Freedom of Speech is a constitutionally guaranteed right. It protects the right of every person to speak his mind with regard to any issue at all even if it is critical of a certain class or even the government. The only limitation, as previously highlighted, is that it must be exercised within the rights of other people meaning that it is constitutional as long as it does not impair the rights of other people. Everyone, therefore, regardless of creed, color or belief may exercise his or her right to Freedom of Speech (Reeve 206) and no university can be allowed to curtail this constitutionally protected right. References: Amar, A. (2000) The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction Yale University Press; New Ed edition. 432 pg Amar, A. (1992) The Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment Yale Law Journal The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc Smith, G. (1999) Reconstruction or Reaffirmation? Review of â€Å"The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction† George Mason University. Virginia Spaeth, H J. and Smith, E. (1991). HarperCollins College Outline: The Constitution of the United States (13th ed. ). New York: HarperCollins. The Federalist with Letters of Brutus, edited by Terence Ball, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought, pgs 447-453.

A Set Of Abnormal Psychology Cases Psychology Essay

A Set Of Abnormal Psychology Cases Psychology Essay In most cases psychologists draw their diagnostics by conducting an interview with their clients like the one conducted by Louise on Margaret. This is based on the fact that understanding ones problem from the horses mouth is easier. There are various factors that may be deduced from such an assessment. For example Louise was able to identify many changes that her client has undergone and the difficulty she faces in dealing with them. There are also social factors that can not be understood otherwise that impact greatly on many people with psychological disturbances. It was also as a result of this assessment that the client reported her recent memory loss that shows her awareness of her abnormal conditions. Therefore this assessment was meant to determine what ails Margaret and thereafter draw some useful therapies to help her go back to normalcy. In her conclusion Louise drew some conclusions concerning Margarets condition. Margaret reported some changes in her menstrual periods. She noticed a change in her moods which has partly contributed to her moodiness although this could be as a result of hormonal imbalance due to menopause considering Margarets age. Further, Louise underlined Margarets dealing with her son being away and her inaccessible daughter as she is too much preoccupied with her child. Margaret is diagnosed to be struggling with this change of life hence her condition. Louise also drew from Margaret that she has become frequently forgetful and she is aware of it. She is also aware of her change of mood and reaction towards her daughter which she does not want her to discover. This could be attributed to her general feeling of anger and loss thus; she has lost interest in life. This show of self awareness is depicted when Louise asked her about her anger towards her daughter. She burst to tears because Louise had discovered her true feelings towards her daughter which she was concealing. The reactions portrayed by Margaret during the assessment are the best example of another dimension of Margarets psychological assessment. Margaret portrays anger and sadness following her relation with her daughter. She believe that her daughter rushed into marriage and she is now less concerned about her. It was also concluded that due to pervasive anxiety she loses sleep, overeat, over drink, has spasmodic moods and memory distractions. As a result of this she has gained extra weight that she sees as part of her problem. In the Margarets assessment, psychological testing is vital because it would test her take on her condition. For example whether she appreciates change or to whom does she hold responsible for her condition. Self proclamation is important as it is out of such discussions that a professional draws conclusions on how to handle the situation. This is called mental status evaluation in which the coherence in thought is assessed. Due to her history of her family, she could be judged as having depression. Margarets father is reported to have died when she was three and this led to her mother being away from home most of the times. That could be the reason for her unconscious suppressed desire not to separate from her children. Physical screening for Margaret is necessary in order to diagnose various possible complications that may be evident as a result of the signs and symptoms she narrated. There are several problems that could be confirmed in the course of medical examination. Medical testing could rule out her biological hormonal imbalance following the previous hormonal test done to the patient. Considering her age and the frequent premenstrual moodiness, it is logical to rule out hormonal imbalances related to menopause. Possible complications for Margarets case include memory lapse due to memory losses witnessed and neurological malfunction. Physical examination may also be useful in confirming the reason for her overweight and the increased appetite that has devastated her sex life. Case study two: Lillian Case two illustrates Lillians defense in life where she draws confidence in herself by her personality disorder. Her defense of splitting is her major preoccupation in dealing with her situation. Right from the onset, she complains and enquires as to why her life is being made difficult by what she refers to as some idiot. What follows is a description of how other people have blocked her way always. Her description of the event that unfolded in the coffee line proves that she is the problem but her weaknesses are evident on her mistreatment and blame on others. This way according to her, she is not the problem, the problem is from without. Lillian is also very sensitive on matters of gender discrimination as she cites that her former boss treated her badly because she was a woman. She resorts to finding solution in the workers union. This is a commonsensical issue but she doesnt care anyway because she is not the problem. Her problem is proved further by the fact that she currently does a housekeeping job even after college education. Before this, she has gone down the stairs and lost six jobs in ten years. Her social life is limited to her drinking friends, unstable lasting sexual relationships with men she meets at the bar. She uses her drugs to soothe her nerves. This is helpful because it would be worse if she reduces herself to depression due to self blame. This is necessary from her point of view because she feels better about herself when she does so. Lillians constant anger in borderline personality disorder may be natural or inborn. History proves that Lillian even before her father died she would conflict with her mother where her father sided with her. This proves that she could have natural tendency to have bouts of anger. Her father could have been that kind as demonstrated by his support and siding with her in her row with her mother. If her father did not see any cause of hunger in her daughter both could have something shared. There is also a possibility that Lillians condition could be as a result of disappointment and many failures in life. Lillian has had a string of disappointment in her employment. She losses jobs and has plummeted to a position of a housekeeper. This could turn her to anger. In her social life, we are also told that she feels guilty often but her defense is her unconscious transfer of that blame to a second persons act. This way she is elated and soothed that she is clean. Therefore there is a possibility that Lillians anger could be both as result of some existential factors and inborn. Lillian border line personality disorder was depended on taking very many other factors constant. It was only drawn from her blame on others and dominance of anger fluctuations from hope to disappointments in relationships, workplace conflicts, drug use and lack of self appraisal. It never considered that this could be an inborn condition. There could also be a possibility that her condition is worsened by her drug use however mild. Differential analysis could therefore ignore some important parameters influencing some situation. Her antisocial personality disorder was ruled regardless of her self blame sometimes. She has failed to relate well with people at work, friends and even her mother because of this condition. This leads her to blaming everyone for some cause. For instance she feels her mother favors her siblings; she thinks her boss at work hates her because she is a woman and generally feels victimized by other peoples acts. Lillian justified her misbehavior as drug use as a response to the stress caused by other people who she finds as a problem. Lillians anxiety disorder is born of her desire to expect too much from others. She expected too much of a laxity from her boss that she had to be sacked. she expects too much from her mum and also from the society especially from the union representative and thus it is hard to avoid disappointments and disillusionments Case study three: Jim In Case three we are introduced to Jim and his situation that requires psychotherapy. A very good example of a vegetative sign of depression is his inability to sleep which is consistent. This is accompanied by his extreme feeling of despair and anxiety. Sigmund Freud, an expert in the field of psychoanalysis would analyze depression as anger turned against self. This can apply to Jim because he is blaming himself for ruining his girlfriends life when he abandoned her. There is also the issue of body and mind struggle. Normally the two entities coordinate harmoniously to produce the normalcy in life. However, his case is different with all the depression. His mind contemplates suicide in order to punish himself and as a result he has shed off much of his weight. Jims body and mind, as result of this struggle and depression are now enemies. Another struggle between his mind and body is seen whenever he comes up with a painting. He literally ends up destroying it. There is a contest and infighting of his mind and body and thus he poses the biggest danger to himself more than to anyone else. It is for this chief reason that the clinical findings prescribes that protective hospitalization is required until medication and psychotherapy work on him. A mood congruent delusion is a state where by some one is inconsistent in their usual mood that affects the reinterpretation of things in another way. For example Jim is not consistent in his former behavior when he started looking at himself as a destroyer. His way of perception changed as a result of his depression and self blame. He has conceptualized a world of depressed thoughts and thought patterns that are confirming his melancholy. Actually all what Jim ails from is anger. He is for sure angered at himself for ruining his girlfriends life. That is why he has had relentless attacks of himself resulting to depressed behavior, thought processes and mood fluctuation. There is some evidence of concealed anger in Jim. One reason he can conceal this is because he may have loved his girlfriend so much that hurting her would devastate him too. Secondly he sees himself as selfish when he turned down her request. He might have deep seated regrets as to why life let him meet a girl who did not understand him when he presented his case. He may conceal this because first he has himself to blame and has made out his decision though unconsciously to punish himself. This leads him to spend most time fantasizing his physical health and contemplating suicide. His dreams at night would reveal his concealed fears and desires as it is theorized by Sigmund Freud in his interpretation of dreams. From the onset, Jim was judge for himself and he declared his guilt and assigned himself punishments. He no longer finds need or pleasure in company. He spends time smoking cigarettes and thinking about his death. As a result of this self guilt, he has declined eating thus lost a good deal of weight. He has also undertaken unconscious self punishment of neglecting his hygiene and general normal life as he has imprisoned himself in bed where he buys a lot of time to think about his worthlessness and pain. Another punishment he has subjected himself to is to destroy his creativitys products. Whenever he does a work he destroys it at the end of the day. There is also psychological punishment where his conscious is always tormented by nightmares of some gruesome women attacking him and that reduces him to crying like a child. This can be associated by his suppressed desire to punish himself and whenever this happens Jim feels that his selflessness deserved punishment. Case four: Janet In the forth case, the precipitating stressor event that might have kicked of Janet schizophrenic episode can be noted from the history his parent gave. There was a time when she is reported to have scratched her wrist with a razor in an act that is termed as self destructing. Then there was her being separated from her family members who used to care and support her. There are other factors that are noted in her history to have been repressed causes. She is reported that from the time she was young the girl had been shy, socially awkward and sensitive. This historic evidence shows that she has had that condition but under the cause and understanding of her family members, it had been contained. Moreover when she was seven years she had gone slowed school. The family undertook a therapy that was corrective to the situation. In her adolescent she frequently argued with her mother although this can be attributed to hormonal changes that are experiences by many adolescents, the argument reportedly resulted to self harm. She was more provocative and worrisome although this behavior just popped in and disappeared later. Another behavior was that Jane would behave eccentrically as engaging in complex rituals to trigger her sleep. Sometimes she would not want to be seen eating, a clear indication of her psychosocial malfunctioning Another factor that may have triggered her condition may be was her roommates and new environment. She was, on joining college, introduced to an environment which she was not probably used to. She was then left to be controlled by her long encased schizophrenia. Janets primary delusion is her attempt to rescue herself from some inner dangers and fears. Her delusion interprets her parents and nurses as threat geared towards sabotaging her idealized salvation which is to be actualized through Dr. M. It started earlier when she would quarrel with her mother. At this age it did not come out clearly as at those formative stages her condition would retreat. Her confidence and overexcitement in justifying her condition is rife with evidence that she is no longer self sensitive. She fantasizes with Dr M whom she has assumed as a sole hope in bringing about salvation in the world. Her delusion has reduced the world to herself. To her, the world is under attack by same threatening unknown and can be saved only when her desire to unite with Dr. M come to a reality. This is her ultimate optimism and desire to be saved or reserved. Her delusion and hallucination fit together so that she misinterprets real life as attack. This can be traced back from when she was young. She could not understand her mother and they would pick quarrels that sometimes resorted to self destruction. The world she has been living is therefore not the real world. Her hallucinations are evident in the way she interprets Dr.M. She has conceived a Dr. M who is being blocked to reach her, even after she was instructed by a voice to merge with him and save the world. The mistaken sensory perceptions and the way she interprets reality as a threat makes the two to fit together to produce a kind of Janet we see. Her hospitalization saves her and others because she is a danger to others and her self. She has a terrifying intrinsic experiences described as command hallucinations. These hallucinations instruct her to do anything to herself and others. When she perceives everyone as a danger there is a possibility that she can attack anyone under the influence of her delusions. This can also be because her reality is faulty and her judging reality is misleading.

Essay --

During the Elizabethan era, many great works were created. Many of these great works were made by none other than William Shakespeare. His plays were exquisitely made in a formal type of language that even people of the late 1500’s didn’t speak like. Besides his success as a playwright, Shakespeare also found great success as a poet and actor. Some of his most famous works, such as Julius Caesar, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet, led him to, by many, being called the greatest writer of all time. If you are familiar with this great man and the famous works that he created, then maybe this paper will show you just why he is regarded as the greatest writer of all time. Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s more famous works and it has a very unique script of characters in it. The main character, Hamlet, is the Prince of Denmark. His father was the King of Denmark before his tragic death. Throughout the play, Hamlet shows his detestation towards his mother’s excessive sexuality and his hatred towards his uncle and the present king, Claudius. Though it may not seem like it at times, Hamlet is actually a very brilliant man who studied at the University of Wittenberg. Sometimes he is very quick tempered and impulsive, but most of the time he thinks through things before doing them. Claudius is the uncle of Hamlet, who took the throne after his brother was killed. Claudius is very cautious and is always calculating the effects of his actions. Most of the time Claudius seems to be very inhuman and only driven by the lust for more power and sex. Very seldom does he show his side of guilt for things he has done and his deep affection for Gertrud e. Gertrude is the present wife of Claudius and mother of Hamlet. She is also the Queen of Denmark.... ... appear to be the people wanting him to be in power. Around this time Calphurnia has a dream about Caesar having a bunch of holes in him and there is blood flowing out of him like a fountain. She obviously interprets this as a bad omen for Caesar and is concerned. This and other occurrences such as fire raining down from the sky and his priests not being able to find a heart in a sacrificed animal lead to him wanting to stay home. But, Decius tells Caesar that his dreams mean he is going to save Rome. Caesar is motivated and decides that fate will have its way no matter what. He decides to go the the Capital anyways, against his wife’s wishes. On the way to the Capital, Caesar runs into Artemidorus who tries to give him a letter warning him of the conspirators. Caesar doesn’t take the letter and Artemidorus knows that the fates are on the side of the conspirators.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans Essay -- PTSD in Military

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (commonly known as PTSD) is an important issue associated with military soldiers. The primary focus of this paper will be on the causes of PTSD and the effects it has on returning soldiers from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. I will attempt to elaborate on the soldiers' experiences through my own experiences in combat both in Iraq and Afghanistan. I will explain what PTSD is, look at the history of PTSD, how people get it, and differences of PTSD between men and women, and treatment options. As far back in history as we can go, humans have been in a fight for survival. There have been battles with gigantic mammoths, soldiers charging the front line with swords drawn or teachers witnessing neighbors being gassed to death. These are all significantly stressful situations that can lead to PTSD and have been around for centuries. For as long as there have been humans fighting there has been PTSD, it just wasn’t a term yet. During the Civil war, problems with PTSD became so severe that the first ever Military Hospital for the insane was established in 1863 (Bentley). Before that, since Military officials didn’t know what to do, or what was wrong with these physically able men they just threw them on the street or sent them home. With so many insane soldiers walking around, it was the public who insisted that something be done to help these soldiers and keep them off the street (Bentley). It wasn’t until 1905 during WWI that there was a link made between the mental collapse and the stresses of war(Bentley). There were so many cases of PTSD at first that officials believed it was caused by the concussion of shells on the brain, so they called it â€Å"shell shock†. It was the Russians who f... ...t. Bellevue College Lib., Bellevue, WA. 15 May 2011 Greist, John H., James W. Jefferson, David J. Katzelnick Facts For Heath. 11 May 2011. . Hales, Dianne. Wellness at Bellevue College. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning., 2011 Tarrant, David. "Iraq veteran's PTSD is an unrelenting enemy but he's fighting back." The Dallas Morning News 22 Aug. 2010. 11 May 2011 United States. Department of Veterans Affairs. Treatment of PTSD. 05 Oct. 2010. 11 May 2011. . Unknown, Anthony. â€Å"Cognitive Behavior Therapy†. Online posting. 31 Mar. 2011. PtsdForum Supporting Trauma. 15 May 2011.

Implications of Economics and Policy for Health Professionals

Getzen, T. states, health is irreplaceable, and any change in health can strongly affect the value of many other goods. Health is more precious and time more limited than money. Managed Care is a system of health care that combines delivery and payment; and influences utilization of services, by employing management techniques designed to promote the delivery of cost-effective health care. Insurers/managed-care organizations controls health care in the United States today because nowhere are the changes in the U. S. health services system more evident and more constant than in area of managed care. The shift from fee-for-service to manage care was the need to reduce costs for care and was embraced by various payers as the solution to the unchecked rise in health services expenditures (Barton 2007). The current health care system in the United States is failing. Health Care costs are increasing at a pace which far exceeds inflation. Managed care organizations were established as a cost effective alternative to traditional fee for service. A constant and constantly changing factor that influences the delivery system is the strength of this economy (Barton 2007). When jobs are at stake in a weak economy and the housing market is also at its lowest, insurance premiums steadily increasing, individuals aren’t focused on maintaining health coverage they are more concern with maintaining their homes and trying to pay the mortgage. Health Care Administrators will be challenged with a number of different types of health decisions and choices can be distinguished from a wide range: individual decisions, health policy decisions, health action decisions, regulatory decisions regarding the health system, micro-level health decisions and decisions made outside of the health sector. PubMed suggests, with regard to health-related matters, decision-making is characterized by the level of uncertainty, the complexity of the health system and its structure, the role of urgency and the obligation to act; however, there is a significant emotional factor in these decisions and the supremacy of the individual in the decision-making process. On the policy side, health-related decision-making poses questions concerning the role of expertise and necessitates the development of public debate. As for the matter of health financing, namely through social security and insurance, it calls for a re-examination of the economic analysis of health decisions and policy and the development of a more coherent position on the right to health versus the right to universal coverage. Healthcare is changing in terms of how and where care is delivered, who is providing those services, and how that care is financed. Healthcare Administrators require trained staff to manage the changes taking place. Healthcare Administrators have an opportunity to make a significant contribution to improving the health of the communities their organizations serve. Health Care Administrators plays a key role in keeping cost at a minimum and oversee the delivery of quality care. It is a must that Administrators make effective decisions, they need to be open to different opinions and good at analyzing contradictory information. They must understand and incorporate the best business practices. Also their focus is integrating medicine through the highest quality, the most access, for the best economical method. (Linden 2010)

Moral dilemma essay Essay

A moral dilemma entails a choice between two highly conflicting values, where the decision made may result in guilt and remorse. As responders we are able to assess our own values in regards to the character’s actions. These characteristics are present in the texts Montana 1948 by Larry Watson 1993, The Returning by Daniel De Paola 1964 and Clint Eastwood’s Million Dollar Baby 2004. I personally have been influenced to assess my own values towards family ties, justice and the balance between right and wrong. When faced with a moral dilemma, avoidance and denial often result in greater consequences. In Montana 1948 the sheriff Wes has conflicting values of family loyalty and justice leading to an immense moral dilemma whether to convict his own brother even though this may have an adverse effect on familial ties. Wes instead resorts to denial of the situation. This denial is highlighted shortly after Franks exploitation of Indian women was brought to light by Gail. Wes attempts to refuse Marie’s accusations. â€Å"For gods sake, you know how she (Marie) likes to make up stories.† Despite knowing his brothers capability to commit such actions his aggressive tone shows his resistance to Gail’s argument, instinctively protecting his value of family over the law and also his loyalty to Marie. After coming to terms with the facts of Franks perversity Wes attempts to solve the problem, although half heartedly, by confronting Frank. â€Å"I think the problems been taken care of. Frank said he’ll cut it out,† In this context the colloquial language ‘cut it out’, referring to the molestation and raping of women, undermining the situation, reducing its severity and allowing Wes to not only justify his own avoidance but to pacify Gail. The relevant consequence to his lack of action is Frank’s mur der of Marie the following day, in an attempt to dispose of evidence against him, a much graver fate than if Wes had convicted Frank initially. Denial of a moral dilemma is also manifest in the film Million Dollar Baby. The scene in which Maggie asks Frankie to end her life, Frankie is faced with an unfathomable decision that contradicts his love for her as a daughter but also his faith in God. Repetition of â€Å"I can’t† demonstrates Frankie’s affliction towards the situation. The diegetic sound of Maggie’s  breathing paired with a close up shot addresses Maggie’s constant suffering supporting her reason to beg Frankie for the favour. Frankie chose to avoid maggie’s request until she attempts to take the problem into her own hands. The use of dark lighting in the final hospital scene, emits an eerie feeling to symbolise Frankie’s daunting and pressing task. He realises he must end her suffering. These texts demonstrate that doing what is morally correct may be difficult. Nonetheless I have learnt that the outcome of ignoring an issue may become an even bigger burden. If presented with a moral dilemma, I would work to solve the problem as quickly as possible but also to take the time to do it correctly. The perception different individuals hold for one another influences the approach taken in a moral dilemma, highlighting values of family, race and social status. In watson’s novel Wes is aware of the racial division, upon native American Indians of the time. This prejudice plays a large role in the treatment of Marie. The prejudice of the native indian women is evident in Julian’s comparison of native american women to â€Å"red meat† The derogatory metaphor ‘red meat’ conveys his perception of the native American Indian females as lowly animals, merely alive for amusement value. However Wes has a moral dilemma between the prejudice and his personal beliefs. This is demonstrated in the scene prior to Marie falling ill. David describes Wes as: â€Å"He simply held them (Indians) in low regard†¦he could treat indians with generosity and respect (as he could treat every other human being)† The use of the pronoun ‘them’ is intended to inflict primitiveness and inferiority on American indians by stereotyping them, meanwhile the words ‘generosity’ and ‘respect’ holding positive connotations, show Wes’ broader perspective. The conflict between his personal and family values pose a moral dilemma. Wes’ valuable perception of all individuals lives, override the views held by his brother and father, compelling him to seek justice. In Daniel De Paola’s short story â€Å"The Returning† we are presented with an underlying conflict between the whites and the natives. Although not spoken between one another, each character has been influenced by society to hold certain views. Negative connotations from Dark cat expressed in â€Å"At another  time and place, he wouldn’t have wanted to linger in a room alone with a white woman.† Contrasting with â€Å"But here and now there was only friendliness between them.† Conveys Dark cats prejudice towards whites. Meanwhile, high modality present in â€Å"never felt† shows that Dark cat may be turning a new leaf with the whites. This example demonstrates that moral dilemmas can make one rethink their bias. As discussed each character has conflicting predetermined values and beliefs that directly affect their decision. I have come to a conclusion that although mentally testing, the way in which I would handle a difficult situation would be to try to be aware and disregard irrational prejudices. Through my study of moral dilemmas, in particular in the texts Montana 1948, The Returning and Million Dollar Baby I have come to question values such as family, justice and the balance between what is right or wrong. I would act immediately to resolve the dilemma and overcome any prejudice that conflicts with my decision.

Property Taxes

Property taxes – local taxes, immovable property/land tax, motor vehicle tax . (Lukas Szita) A property tax also known as millage tax is a charge on possessions that the holder is obligatory to pay. The tax is imposed by the governing authority of the area in which the property is placed; it can be a national government of country, a federated state, a county/region, or a municipality (In Slovak Republic property tax is the most important income for municipalities).We basically distinguish four general kinds of property: land, improvements to land (which are immobile man-made objects, such as buildings), personal property (transportable man-made objects), and intangible property. Combination of land and developments are called real estate or reality. Under a property tax system, the governing authority implements assessment of the financial value of every single property, and tax is measured in quantity to that value. Methods of property tax utilized differ significantly among different countries.Tax on property is often confused with special assessment tax. There are two basic forms of taxation which are the most popular: first (ad valorem tax) depends on the fair market value of the property. The second one other also called special assessment depends on a special enhancement also named a â€Å"benefit† for its reason. The property tax rate is frequently specified as a proportion. To compute the property tax, the local government uses multiplication of the evaluated value of the property by the mill rate and then divide by 1,000.For instance, a property with weighed value of 100,000EUR situated in a municipality with a mill rate of 20 mills would have a property tax bill of 2,000EUR per year. Property tax in Netherlands is imposed on homes on a municipal origin in two fragments: for the individual who lives in the household, and for the landlord of the house. Individuals who rent house are accountable only for the living part of the tax. Austral ia’s property taxes are known as property or parcel rates. Parcel rates and regularity of payment are set by local municipialities or councils.Each council has employees who value the land's price. The land value is value of the just land; they do not include existing non-moveable buildings on property. The measured worth of the land is base for the total charges of rates. Those charges differs from $100 per quarter to 1$, and frequencies of payments are differs according locality. Water rates are also common charges for property owners in Australia. Australia furthermore has stamp duty, used at the time when a property is sold.Fee is paid by the purchaser to the Office of State Revenue. Moreover to mentioned stamp duty there is also a Land Transfer Charge under the NSW State Revenue Legislation Amendment Bill 2010. Stamp duty rates are from 1% to 6. 75% based on the value of property and the state of Australia. Denmark has much simple system for taxing property. There it is 1% fee for property appreciated at less than DKK 3 million and 3% rate for above DKK 3 million. In Greece, property tax is set upon floor-area and bills for electricity.